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Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by the loss of skin pigmentation. It occurs when melanocytes—the cells responsible for producing melanin (the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes) are destroyed or stop functioning. Vitiligo affects both men and women equally and can appear at any age, although it's often noticeable before the age of 30.

However, children, teenagers, and adults in their 30s and 40s may also experience the onset of vitiligo. While the exact cause is not fully understood, vitiligo is often linked to autoimmune, genetic, or environmental factors.

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Factors Causing Vitiligo

Several factors may contribute to the development or progression of vitiligo:

Autoimmune diseases (e.g., thyroid disorders)
Genetic predisposition
Family history of vitiligo
Stress or trauma to the skin (e.g., cuts, sunburns)
Exposure to certain chemicals
Oxidative stress and inflammation

Typical Vitiligo Symptoms

Several factors may contribute to the development or progression of vitiligo:

Autoimmune diseases (e.g., thyroid disorders)
Genetic predisposition
Family history of vitiligo
Stress or trauma to the skin (e.g., cuts, sunburns)
Exposure to certain chemicals
Oxidative stress and inflammation

Vitiligo is primarily characterized by depigmented or white patches on the skin. Symptoms may vary from person to person, but common signs include:

Loss of skin color in patches
Premature graying of hair on scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, or beard
Color loss inside the mouth and nose (mucous membranes)
Change in color of the retina (inner layer of the eye)
Symmetrical or segmental pattern of white patches

If you notice any signs of depigmentation, it's important to consult a dermatologist for a thorough evaluation.

Diagnosing Vitiligo

Diagnosis of vitiligo is typically based on medical history, clinical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests. Your doctor will evaluate :

Family history of vitiligo or autoimmune diseases
Onset and progression of symptoms
History of sunburns, skin injuries, or stress
Use of any topical or systemic medications
Blood tests to check thyroid function or autoimmune markers (if required)
Wood’s lamp examination (UV light test to highlight depigmented areas)

Vitiligo Treatment Procedures

Treatment for vitiligo is customized depending on the severity, location of patches, and rate of progression. Here are several options offered at SurgiDerma Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Center:

Topical Corticosteroids or Calcineurin Inhibitors

These are prescribed in early stages to reduce inflammation and help repigment the skin. Calcineurin inhibitors like tacrolimus are particularly useful for sensitive areas like the face.

Phototherapy (Narrowband UVB Therapy)

Phototherapy is one of the most effective treatments for vitiligo. It involves controlled exposure to UVB light, which stimulates melanocyte activity. Multiple sessions over weeks or months may be needed.

Excimer Laser Treatment

Excimer laser delivers a concentrated beam of UVB light to smaller depigmented areas. It’s a targeted approach that avoids exposing unaffected skin to light.

Depigmentation Therapy

For widespread vitiligo, depigmentation of the remaining pigmented skin can help create a uniform appearance. This is a permanent solution and should be considered carefully.

Micropigmentation (Medical Tattooing)

Tattooing small areas with pigment close to the original skin tone can improve appearance, especially for lips or hands.

Surgical Options

For stable vitiligo (non-spreading), options like skin grafting or melanocyte transfer can be explored to restore pigment.

Counseling and Psychological Support

Because vitiligo can affect self-esteem and emotional well-being, psychological counseling and support groups may be recommended.

Preparing for Vitiligo Treatment

Vitiligo treatment is highly personalized. Consulting a skilled dermatologist helps ensure the right therapy is chosen based on your condition. Your doctor will:

Analyze your skin type, patch distribution, and progression
Review any underlying health conditions or medications
Recommend pre-treatment care (like sun protection)
Discuss post-treatment follow-up and long-term management

Vitiligo treatments are generally safe for adults over 18. However, pregnant or breastfeeding women may need to avoid certain therapies.

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Is there a Down time?

No, laser hair removal doesn't usually take any real time off. After laser hair removal, your skin will be red and swollen right away. Even so, most people go back to their normal lives.
When will I be able to tell if the laser hair removal worked?

Most likely, you'll see the effects right away after treatment. The results are different for each subject. The effects depend on the color and thickness of your hair, the area that is treated, the type of laser that is used, and the color of your skin. After the first treatment, you can expect 10–25% less hair. Most people need anywhere from 2 to 6 laser treatments to get rid of the hair. Most people don't see any hair on the treated skin for months or even years after the treatments are done. When hair comes back, there is usually less of it. Most of the hairs are also smaller and lighter in color.
How long will laser hair removal's effects last?

Most people stay hairless for months or even years. When some hair comes back, it will probably be less obvious. A patient may need upkeep laser treatments to keep the area free of hair.
What are some possible side effects?

Most of the time, the side effects are mild and only last for 1 to 3 days. Among these side affects are: Discomfort Swelling Redness
When laser hair removal is done by a dermatologist or under the direct guidance of a dermatologist, other side effects are rare. Some other things that could go wrong are:

Blistering Herpes simplex outbreaks (cold sores) Infections Scarring Skin whitening or darkening Over time, skin color usually goes back to normal. But some changes to skin color last forever. This is why it's important to see a doctor who is good at laser treatments and knows a lot about the face. Also, it's important to do what your doctor tells you. If you follow the advice before and after treatment, you will be much less likely to have side effects.
When is it safe to get another laser hair removal treatment?

This is different for each case. A number of laser treatments are often needed to get rid of hair. Most people can have laser hair removal done every 4 to 6 weeks. Your doctor will tell you when it's safe to have another treatment. Most people see at least some hair growth. Your doctor will be able to tell you when it is safe to get laser treatments to keep the results.
How safe is it to use a laser to get rid of hair?

Laser hair removal is very safe with no down time and minimal side effects
What are indication in males for LHR?

Laser hair removal can also be used for beard reshapeing and in rare disease such as pilonidal sinus Males are also excellent candidates but require more seesions to see the best results.